The Golden Age Of Greece The Ancient Statues And Pottery Of The Golden

The Golden Age of Greece The ancient statues and pottery of the Golden Stone Age of Greece were much advanced in spectacular ways. The true facts of Zeus's main reason for his statue. The great styles of the Kouros and the Kore. The story of The Blinding of Polphemus, along with the story of Cyclops. The Dori and Ionic column stone temples that were built in Greece that had an distinctive look. The true colors of the vase, Aryballos. The vase that carried liquids from one place to another. The Lyric Poetry that was originally a song to be sung to the accompaniment of the lyre. Zeus was considered, according to Homer, the father of the gods and of mortals. He did not create either gods or mortals; he was their father in the sense of being the protector and ruler both of the Olympian family and of the human race. He was lord of the sky, the rain god, and the cloud gatherer, who wielded the terrible thunderbolt. His breastplate was the aegis, his bird the eagle, his tree the oak. Zeus presided over the gods on Mount Olympus in Thessaly. His principal shrines were at Dodona, in Epirus, the land of the oak trees and the most ancient shrine, famous for its oracle, and at Olympia, where the Olympian Games were celebrated in his honor every fourth year. The Nemean games, held at Nemea, northwest of Argos, were also dedicated to Zeus. Zeus was the youngest son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea and the brother of the deities Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, and Hera. According to one of the ancient myths of the birth of Zeus, Cronus, fearing that he might be dethroned by one of his children, swallowed them as they were born. Upon the birth of Zeus, Rhea wrapped a stone in swaddling clothes for Cronus to swallow and concealed the infant god in Crete, where he was fed on the milk of the goat Amalthaea and reared by nymphs. When Zeus grew to maturity, he forced Cronus to disgorge the other children, who were eager to take vengeance on their father. Zeus henceforth ruled over the sky, and his brothers Poseidon and Hades were given power over the sea and the underworld, respectively. The earth was to be ruled in common by all three. Beginning with the writings of the Greek poet Homer, Zeus is pictured in two very different ways. He is represented as the god of justice and mercy, the protector of the weak, and the punisher of the wicked. As husband to his sister Hera, he is the father of Ares, the god of war; Hebe, the goddess of youth; Hephaestus, the god of fire; and Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth. At the same time, Zeus is described as falling in love with one woman after another and resorting to all kinds of tricks to hide his infidelity from his wife. Stories of his escapades were numerous in ancient mythology, and many of his offspring were a result of his love affairs with both goddesses and mortal women. It is believed that, with the development of a sense of ethics in Greek life, the idea of a lecherous, sometimes ridiculous father god bec ame distasteful, so later legends tended to present Zeus in a more exalted light. His many affairs with mortals are sometimes explained as the wish of the early Greeks to trace their lineage to the father of the gods. Zeus's image was represented in sculptural works as a kingly, bearded figure. The most celebrated of all statues of Zeus was Phidias's gold and ivory colossus at Olympia. The standing nude youth (kouros), the standing draped girl (kore), and the seated woman. All emphasize and generalize the essential features of the human figure and show an increasingly accurate comprehension of human anatomy. The youths were either sepulchral or votive statues. Examples are Apollo (Metropolitan Museum), an early work; Strangford Apollo from L?mnos (British Museum, London), a much later work; and the Anavyssos Kouros (National Museum, Athens). More of the musculature and skeletal structure is visible in this statue than in earlier works. The standing, draped girls have a wide range of The Golden Age Of Greece The Ancient Statues And Pottery Of The Golden The Golden Age of Greece The ancient statues and pottery of the Golden Stone Age of Greece were much advanced in spectacular ways. The true facts of Zeus's main reason for his statue. The great styles of the Kouros and the Kore. The story of The Blinding of Polphemus, along with the story of Cyclops. The Dori and Ionic column stone temples that were built in Greece that had an distinctive look. The true colors of the vase, Aryballos. The vase that carried liquids from one place to another. The Lyric Poetry that was originally a song to be sung to the accompaniment of the lyre. Zeus was considered, according to Homer, the father of the gods and of mortals. He did not create either gods or mortals; he was their father in the sense of being the protector and ruler both of the Olympian family and of the human race. He was lord of the sky, the rain god, and the cloud gatherer, who wielded the terrible thunderbolt. His breastplate was the aegis, his bird the eagle, his tree the oak. Zeus presided over the gods on Mount Olympus in Thessaly. His principal shrines were at Dodona, in Epirus, the land of the oak trees and the most ancient shrine, famous for its oracle, and at Olympia, where the Olympian Games were celebrated in his honor every fourth year. The Nemean games, held at Nemea, northwest of Argos, were also dedicated to Zeus. Zeus was the youngest son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea and the brother of the deities Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, and Hera. According to one of the ancient myths of the birth of Zeus, Cronus, fearing that he might be dethroned by one of his children, swallowed them as they were born. Upon the birth of Zeus, Rhea wrapped a stone in swaddling clothes for Cronus to swallow and concealed the infant god in Crete, where he was fed on the milk of the goat Amalthaea and reared by nymphs. When Zeus grew to maturity, he forced Cronus to disgorge the other children, who were eager to take vengeance on their father. Zeus henceforth ruled over the sky, and his brothers Poseidon and Hades were given power over the sea and the underworld, respectively. The earth was to be ruled in common by all three. Beginning with the writings of the Greek poet Homer, Zeus is pictured in two very different ways. He is represented as the god of justice and mercy, the protector of the weak, and the punisher of the wicked. As husband to his sister Hera, he is the father of Ares, the god of war; Hebe, the goddess of youth; Hephaestus, the god of fire; and Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth. At the same time, Zeus is described as falling in love with one woman after another and resorting to all kinds of tricks to hide his infidelity from his wife. Stories of his escapades were numerous in ancient mythology, and many of his offspring were a result of his love affairs with both goddesses and mortal women. It is believed that, with the development of a sense of ethics in Greek life, the idea of a lecherous, sometimes ridiculous father god bec ame distasteful, so later legends tended to present Zeus in a more exalted light. His many affairs with mortals are sometimes explained as the wish of the early Greeks to trace their lineage to the father of the gods. Zeus's image was represented in sculptural works as a kingly, bearded figure. The most celebrated of all statues of Zeus was Phidias's gold and ivory colossus at Olympia. The standing nude youth (kouros), the standing draped girl (kore), and the seated woman. All emphasize and generalize the essential features of the human figure and show an increasingly accurate comprehension of human anatomy. The youths were either sepulchral or votive statues. Examples are Apollo (Metropolitan Museum), an early work; Strangford Apollo from L?mnos (British Museum, London), a much later work; and the Anavyssos Kouros (National Museum, Athens). More of the musculature and skeletal structure is visible in this statue than in earlier works. The standing, draped girls have a wide range of

Opening ceremony of Hunger Games Essay Essays

Opening ceremony of Hunger Games Essay Essays Opening ceremony of Hunger Games Essay Paper Opening ceremony of Hunger Games Essay Paper Essay Topic: The Hunger Games â€Å"Happy Hunger Games! † The 74th Hunger Games got under manner in dramatic manner today with a fabulous gap ceremonial in the capital. The Hunger Games held one time a twelvemonth. The gap ceremonial began at the City Circle. audiences were the most esteemed citizens of the Capital. they watched in the edifices that beside Circle. Tributes from 12 territories sanded on the chariots and stopped in forepart of the President Snow’s sign of the zodiac. When music ends. the president gave a address to welcome participants. At the terminal of address. he said motto of the game: â€Å"Happy Hunger Games! † The Hunger Games is a Television show which is really popular in the state. It has 24 testimonials who from different territories. each country elected 2 people to fall in this game. Merely one of them who survive can win. The gap ceremonial began in the melodious vocals. Twelve chariots appeared following one by one. Tributes have oning dressing that can demo local features. Chariot from territory 1 pulled by snowy houses. District 1 manufactured of luxury for the capital. so players’ vesture is gorgeous. Other territories participants were demoing their ain manner at that minute. The perfect costume that citizens think came from District 12. Their vesture was on fire. One audience said: â€Å"They were so breathless and eye-popping and I was wholly fascinated. I can hear everyone shouted: ‘District 12! District 12! ’ † . When the national anthem played. the camera lens to exchange to territory players’ faces. and turned around rapidly. At last. the 12 districts’ chariots circling a hebdomad. Then. disappeared into the Training Center. Online referendum displaced this year’s opening ceremonial is better than any other show. This attracted 1000s to watch.

The Grimké Sisters, Abolitionists From South Carolina

The Grimkà © Sisters, Abolitionists From South Carolina The Grimkà © sisters, Sarah and Angelina, became leading activists for the abolitionist cause in the 1830s. Their writings attracted a wide following and they drew attention, and threats, for their speaking engagements. The Grimkà ©s spoke out on the highly controversial issues of slavery in America at a time when women were not expected to become involved in politics. Yet the Grimkà ©s were no mere novelty. They were highly intelligent and passionate characters on the public stage, and they presented a vivid testimony against slavery in the decade before Frederick Douglass would arrive on the scene and electrify anti-slavery audiences. The sisters had particular credibility as they were natives of South Carolina and came from a slave-owning family considered part of the aristocracy of the city of Charleston. The Grimkà ©s could criticize slavery not as outsiders, but as people who, while having benefited from it, ultimately came to see it as an evil system degrading to both masters and slaves. Though the Grimkà © sisters had faded from public view by the 1850s, mostly by choice, and they became involved in various other social causes. Among American reformers, they were respected role models. And there is no denying their important role in conveying abolitionist principles in the early stages of the movement in America. They were instrumental in bringing women into the movement, and in creating within the abolitionist cause a platform from which to launch a movement for womens rights. Early Life of the Grimkà © Sisters Sarah Moore Grimkà © was born November 29, 1792, in Charleston, South Carolina. Her younger sister, Angelina Emily Grimkà ©, was born 12 years later, on February 20, 1805. Their family was prominent in Charleston society, and their father, John Fauchereau Grimkà ©, had been a colonel in the Revolutionary War and was a judge on South Carolinas highest court. The Grimkà © family was very wealthy and enjoyed a luxurious lifestyle which included the owning of slaves. In 1818, Judge Grimkà © became ill and it was determined he should see a doctor in Philadelphia. Sarah, who was 26, was chosen to accompany him. While in Philadelphia Sarah had some encounters with Quakers, who were very active in the campaign against slavery and the beginnings of what would become known as the Underground Railroad. The trip to a northern city was the most important event in her life. She had always been uncomfortable with slavery, and the anti-slavery perspective of the Quakers convinced her that it was a great moral wrong. Her father died, and Sarah sailed back to South Carolina with a newfound belief in ending slavery. Back in Charleston, she felt out of step with local society. By  1821 she had moved to Philadelphia permanently, intent on living in a society without slavery. Her younger sister, Angelina, remained in Charleston, and the two sisters corresponded regularly. Angelina also picked up anti-slavery ideas. The sisters had inherited slaves from their father, which they freed. In 1829 Angelina left Charleston. She would never return. Reunited with her sister Sarah in Philadelphia, the two women became active in the Quaker community. They often visited prisons, hospitals, and institutions for the poor, and had a heartfelt interest in social reforms. The Grimkà © Sisters Joined the Abolitionists The sisters spent the early 1830s following a quiet life of religious service, but they were becoming more interested in the cause of abolishing slavery. In 1835 Angelina Grimkà © wrote an impassioned letter to William Lloyd Garrison, the abolitionist activist, and editor. Garrison, to Angelinas surprise, and to the consternation of her older sister, published the letter in his newspaper, The Liberator. Some of the Quaker friends of the sister were also upset at Angelina having publicly announced a desire for the emancipation of American slaves. But Angelina was inspired to continue. In 1836 Angelina published a 36-page booklet titled An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South. The text was deeply religious and drew upon Biblical passages to show the immorality of slavery. Her strategy was a direct affront to religious leaders in the South who had been using scripture to argue that slavery was actually Gods plan for the United States, and that slavery was essentially blessed. The reaction in South Carolina was intense, and Angelina was threatened with prosecution if she ever returned to her native state. Following the publication of Angelinas booklet, the sisters traveled to New York City and addressed a meeting of the American Anti-Slavery Society. They also spoke to gatherings of women, and before long they were touring New England, speaking for the abolitionist cause. Popular On the Lecture Circuit Becoming known as the Grimkà © Sisters, the two women were a popular draw on the public speaking circuit. An article in the Vermont Phoenix on July 21, 1837 described an appearance by The Misses Grimkà ©, from South Carolina, before the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society. Angelina spoke first, talking for nearly an hour. As the newspaper described it: Slavery in all its relations - moral, social, political and religious was commented upon with radical and stern severity - and the fair lecturer showed neither quarter to the system, nor mercy to its supporters. Still she did not bestow a title of her indignation upon the South. The Northern press and the Northern pulpit - Northern representatives, Northern merchants, and the Northern people, came in for her most bitter reproach and most pointed sarcasm. The detailed newspaper report noted that Angelina Grimkà © began by talking about the active slave trade conducted in the District of Columbia. And she urged women to protest the governments complicity in slavery. She then spoke about slavery as a broadly based American problem. While the institution of slavery existed in the South, she noted that northern politicians indulged it, and northern business people invested in businesses which depended on slave labor. She essentially indicted all of America for the evils of slavery. After Angelina spoke at the Boston meeting, her sister Sarah followed her on the podium. The newspaper mentioned that Sarah spoke in an affecting manner about religion, and ended by noting that the sisters were exiles. Sarah said she had received a letter informing her she could never again live in South Carolina as abolitionists would not be allowed within the states borders. Theres little doubt the sisters would have been in peril had they visited South Carolina. In 1835 abolitionists, sensing it was too dangerous to send emissaries into the slave states, began mailing anti-slavery pamphlets to southern addresses. The pamphlet campaign resulted in sacks of mail being seized by mobs in South Carolina and the pamphlets being burned in the street. Controversy Followed the Grimkà © Sisters A backlash developed against the Grimkà © Sisters, and at one point a group of ministers in Massachusetts issued a pastoral letter condemning their activities. Some newspaper accounts of their speeches treated them with obvious condescension. In 1838 they stopped their public speaking, though both sisters would remain involved in reform causes for the rest of their lives. Angelina married a fellow abolitionist and reformer, Theodore Weld, and they eventually founded a progressive school, Eagleswood, in New Jersey. Sarah Grimkà ©, who also married, taught at the school, and the sisters kept busy publishing articles and books focused on the causes of ending slavery and promoting womens rights. Sarah died in Massachusetts on December 23, 1873, after a long illness. William Lloyd Garrison spoke at her funeral services. Angelina Grimkà © Weld died on October 26, 1879. The famed abolitionist Wendell Phillips spoke of her at her funeral: When I think of Angelina there comes to me the picture of the spotless dove in the tempest, as she battles with the storm, seeking for some place to rest her foot. Sources Veney, Cassandra R. Abolitionism.  New Dictionary of the History of Ideas, edited by Maryanne Cline Horowitz, vol. 1, Charles Scribners Sons, 2005, pp. 1-4Byers,  Inzer, Grimkà ©, Sarah Moore.  American Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present:  A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present, edited by Taryn Benbow-Pfalzgraf, 2nd ed., vol. 2, St. James Press, 2000, pp. 150-151.Byers, Inzer, GrimkÉ (Weld), Angelina (Emily).  American Women Writers: A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present:  A Critical Reference Guide from Colonial Times to the Present, edited by Taryn Benbow-Pfalzgraf, 2nd ed., vol. 2, St. James Press, 2000, pp. 149-150.

E-commerce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-commerce - Research Paper Example The second exercise is on the comparison of online prices across the four major supermarket chains across UK and the prices of all the items have been compared to understand whether certain supermarkets are generally cheaper than certain others. Tesco and Asda have been found to be in general cheaper than Sainsbury's and Waitrose although further research in this area would be required to provide any conclusive evidence in this matter. The report however can definitely suggest that considering the lowered prices of online goods, more consumers would prefer to buy goods online in the coming years and online or internet shopping will definitely become more successful in the future. The expenditure for the week given is at 51 which would be slightly higher than the normal expenditure as the DVD, and Women's shoes amounting to 20.99 + 17.99 that is 38.98 are extra items bought which are not usually bought every week. The usual or average weekly expenditure considering these items bought will only be at 12.02 although at this time it is above 50. The expenditure for this week involves goods and items as diverse as washing powder, soft drink, women's shoes, mixed vegetables, ice cream, DVD, and red wine. ... The report however can definitely suggest that considering the lowered prices of online goods, more consumers would prefer to buy goods online in the coming years and online or internet shopping will definitely become more successful in the future. Keywords: Market price, online price, supermarkets, internet shopping, listed items. I - Summary of expenditure showing item, brand, size and cost and comments on how this would differ from average or normal expenditure Item Date Brand Size Cost Monday Washing powder 16-10-06 Ariel 1 kg 1.47 Tuesday Women's shoes 17-10-06 M&S 5 20.99 Wednesday Soft Drink 18-10-06 Coca Cola 2ltr 2.18 Thursday Mixed Vegetables 19-10-06 Tesco 500g .90 Friday Vanilla ice cream 20-10-06 Walls 2ltr 2.64 Saturday Red wine 21-10--06 Marquez de chive 75cl 4.83 Sunday DVD 22-10-06 Sainsbury's n/a 17.99 Total: 51.00 The expenditure for the week given is at 51 which would be slightly higher than the normal expenditure as the DVD, and Women's shoes amounting to 20.99 + 17.99 that is 38.98 are extra items bought which are not usually bought every week. The usual or average weekly expenditure considering these items bought will only be at 12.02 although at this time it is above 50. The expenditure for this week involves goods and items as diverse as washing powder, soft drink, women's shoes, mixed vegetables, ice cream, DVD, and red wine. The DVD and women's shoes as we have identified are some of the items that I wouldn't usually buy and can be considered as 'extra items' for the week. However these items seem to have raised the expenditure dramatically. II - Summary of expenditure showing item, brand, size and cost for online

Business Morals and Social Responsibilities Essay

Business Morals and Social Responsibilities - Essay Example Business organizations through the code of ethics benefit in enhancing their reputation and winning the trust of its clients. For instance, Nike’s code of ethics has assisted the organization to regains its reputation that was ruined by activities carried out by its contractors in Asia. However, like in the case of Nike, the code of ethics may influence the profits of business organizations. For instance, Nike developed its code of ethics following criticism over the unethical activities carried out by their contractors in Asia. The contractors unethically used labor from the poor communities in Asia to, cheaply, produce products for Nike. Nike’s high profits came from utilizing these activities that were orchestrated by their contractors in Asian countries (The Blake project 2008). Since the creation of the code of ethics, Nike’s profit reduced since they have to observe and adhere to the contents of that code of ethics. Society’s expectation for corporat e social responsibility may only change for the better. Corporate social responsibility affects the business’ profitability in a great manner. For instance, Nike’s major corporate social responsibility is to produce quality footwear for its customers. Compromising the quality of its products will lead to great losses and tarnishing the image of the company (Kidd 2008). It also has a social responsibility to produce its products without harming the eco-system. It is evident how business organizations work towards achieving their corporate social responsibilities. For instance, Nike has developed Nike environmental design tool to produce products with higher sustainability standards (Nikebiz).

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and New Stadium Essay Example for Free

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and New Stadium Essay Tottenham Hotspurs, Plc. This certain case has many different possibilities for evaluation which gives it much complexity and much liberty while evaluating it. The soccer business sure has a certain relation with the performance and their revenues which makes it highly unstable when speaking of forecasted income of the club. We must first value the firm at its current position in order to be able to value as compared to acquiring the new stadium and obtaining a new goal scorer. In order to do so we must evaluate the company by creating a Discounted Cash Flow analysis projecting the expected future revenues in the same current strategy which they are in. We would then lay out the future expected cash inflows with no initial cash out flow laid out due to the fact that they have already covered their initial expenses. We must take into account the growth rates that are expected for our liabilities such as capital expenditures, player salaries, depreciation, and such. We must then evaluate the growth rates for the cash inflows for the revenues expected due from increased ticket prices, product sales, sponsorship and televising their games. We must then implement these rates and growth in numbers to evaluate the future position a number of years down the line. We could then evaluate the current capital structure and their cost of capital in order to determine whether they are fairly valued and obtain a second analysis to compare with. We have sufficient data such as their beta and stock returns in the market in order for us to evaluate these numbers. The case also contains the current risk free rate which is needed when using the Capital Asset Pricing Model in order to obtain the cost of equity of the firm. After performing a multiples analysis we can then compare the two analyses and determined whether the firm is fairly valued. If it is then great, but if not then we have an even greater reason for Tottenham to look into the building of a new stadium. Now that we have their current position we must conduct an analysis regarding the â€Å"what if† the company obtained the new stadium and invested in a new striker. In order to do the following we must take into consideration the initial cash out flow of the new stadium and the two years that the company has to pay it given the current financial situation and their cash excess which is mentioned in the case. Once we have this we can then forecast a pessimistic, a mediocre, and a pessimistic evaluation of their ticket sales and create multiple cash flows which consider the growth rates of all of the costs and revenues that the company will incur given this following move. Once we have this analysis we can then create the same analysis given that we stay in the same stadium, but we invest in a new striker (optimistic, mediocre, pessimistic). Once we obtain the cash flows from the two options mentioned before, we can then infuse both cash flows and compare the position of the company if they were to take the options which they have available to them. We must also play into consideration that the competition of the league has a huge impact on the results of Tottenham as they can have a huge influence on them. For example, Manchester United invests in the so called next big thing in football or one team is on the rise.

Declining Trust In Our Government :: essays research papers

Declining Trust in Our Government Is the American people's trust in our government declining? According to most people, it definitely is. Recent polls make this argument very valid. In 1995, the Princeton Survey Research Associates conducted a telephone interview of 1514 random sample adults. In this interview, people were asked how much of the time they trusted in the federal government to do the right thing. Twenty- one percent said most of the time and seventy-one percent said only some of the time. When asked the same question of their state governments, the results were only slightly better. Thirty percent said most of the time and sixty-two percent said only some of the time ("Why Don't"). This indicates that a majority of the American people believe that the American government is not doing the right thing in a lot of the actions it takes. Of course, nobody expects the government to operate perfectly with no mistakes, because this is not a perfect world. These numbers are too high though. What caused this problem in the United States, what is the extend of this problem in our country, and is this distrust of our government even a serious problem at all? These are three questions that need to be addressed in out society today. What really has caused the American people to distrust our government and when did this trend actually begin? I do not believe there is any clear answer to these questions and I do not believe it would ever be possible to pinpoint any exact reason for the feelings of the American people. One reason cited by some is that it is the fault of poor leaders. Two commonly blamed leaders are President Johnson and President Nixon. Two of the biggest drops in the public's confidence in our government occurred in 1964, during the bombing of Vietnam, and in 1972, during Watergate (Nye). Although these two events may have contributed to the distrust of the American government, I do not believe that two events and two leaders can be held totally responsible. For one thing, these things occurred over twenty years ago, why is there still distrust today. Not only does this distrust still exist, but many would say that it has increased greatly since then. I do not thing that two leaders can be pinpointed and blamed for destroying the trust in our government. Perhaps though the blame could be laid on American political leaders in general. In a 1995 poll, thirty- five percent said the main reason that they do not trust the federal government

The Situation of Filipino Children and Young People

Almost half of the population in the Philippines are children. With a fast population growth a year, the government has a difficult task in providing children with enough resources to ensure their rights. For many adults and children, a 15-year-old who bears a child willingly or unwillingly ceases to be a girl-child but a young mother. An 11-year-old who takes on the task of tilling the ?elds ceases to be a boy but a labouring farmhand. A 16-year-old who spends most of his time at a wage-factory ceases to be a young adolescent but a breadwinner. A 9-year-old girl made to peddle her body on the streets becomes a commodity. An 8-year-old boy on the street stealing someone’s money for food is a criminal. Boys and girls loitering in the streets sniffing rugby are considered dregs of society. Seldom are their situations seen in the context of poverty and lack of parental guidance and societal responsibility. As dictated by social practice, a child may be considered an adult when he or she becomes part of social production and reproduction, or when the child performs responsibilities such as making a living or having his or her own family. While children are not distinguished simply by chronological age, physical and psychological development identifies an age range that sets a general definition of who are children, that is, (also as de?ned by law) individuals below 18 years old. On the other hand, different socio-cultural contexts characterize children and their childhoods. Children have become more vulnerable as they give in to their families’ insecurities, society’s inadequacies and social exclusion as the marginalisation of the poor heightens. Despite the circumstances they find themselves in, children, youth, and young people are still developing individuals who have particular needs and rights. They have both vulnerabilities and competencies. They are not simply â€Å"adults-to-be† who need to be moulded or â€Å"just children† who are to be taken for granted. Children are social actors and can be active participants in social change. The Philippines is making significant progress in the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Still, poverty coupled with political violence pose serious challenges to children. The total number of poor Filipino families is estimated at 4. 7 million. The fast-growing population and the failure of household incomes to rise as fast as commodity prices have resulted in more poor Filipino families. Poor refers to those whose incomes fall below the threshold determined by the government, or those who cannot afford to provide in a sustained manner for their minimum basic needs for food, health, education, housing and other social amenities in life. In the Philippines, children who are victims of violence are categorized as children needing special protection (CNSP). CNSP includes child labour; children-victims of sexual abuse and commercial sexual exploitation; abandoned and neglected or children without primary caregivers; children of indigenous cultural groups; child-victims of disasters; children in situations of armed conflict; street children; and, children in conflict with the law. Violence against Filipino children are committed through physical and psychological abuse/deprivation that manifest in the worst forms of child labour, child prostitution, begging in the streets, abandonment, trafficking and /or recruitment as soldiers or couriers in areas of armed conflict. Most instances or forms of violence against Filipino children are attributed to poverty. The increasing reported cases of violence against children are the social manifestations of a long history of poverty, characterized by a chronic or cyclical condition of deprivation of basic services that include basic education, health and nutrition services, livelihood or employment opportunities, durable housing and clothing. Poverty has affected several generations of a lot of Filipino families that has resulted in inadequate parental capabilities, strained family relationship and corrupted values. Children are products of their environments. Their situation mirrors the realities of their families, community and society. While the Filipino family puts much premium on the welfare of its children, families are increasingly breaking down in the midst of the struggle for survival. In the process, children are inadvertently sacrificed. The paragraphs on the next pages are studies of the situation of Filipino children and young people. Poverty and Luck of Education If you have an education, you won’t go hungry and you live with comforts of a house. You are living a good life. There is Michelle 16 year olds. She lives in Payatas. Life is hard in a garbage town. At such young age children collect and sell garbage. Despite the danger they are forced to work. Many have had accidents and died. When typhoon Ketsana came, her house was destroyed. Her mom lost her job. With no house and no money for food, Michelle and her siblings could not go to school anymore. Twelve-year-old Marian is one of the millions of Filipino children whose education has taken a backseat due to poverty. The fifth of eight children, she fled her home when she was 10 because she said her jobless parents hurt her. Marian is supposed to be in the sixth grade this year, but she’s currently enrolled as a Grade 1 pupil, learning basic language lessons and math skills in a public elementary school in Cainta, Rizal. A certain â€Å"Ate Rowena† took her in and convinced her to go back to school. Marian has to face challenges in school. â€Å"Other children tease me because I’m still in Grade 1†¦but I don’t mind them because this is my chance to continue and finish my studies†, she said. Despite the challenges, Marian is lucky compare to thousands of other Filipino children. Education is a right, however today; 121 million people cannot go to school because of poverty. The poor would choose to feed the body instead of feeding the mind. They would choose to work in jobs before working for a better future in school. Poverty has deprived them from their right to education. Billions of children are experiencing the nightmare of poverty. What does the future hold for them, and for the whole world? Poverty, hungers prevent Filipino kids from getting basic education. Despite the annual increase in the budget for basic education, fewer children are enrolling in schools. Poverty is one of the main causes of the country’s poor education record and has affected participation in education in more ways than one. Lack of personal interest came in second at 22 percent, while the high cost of education came in a close third at 19. 9 percent. Other reasons include, among others, housekeeping, illness or disability, failure to cope with school work, and distance from school. The lack of interest among school children indicates a weakness on the part of the school system to make education interesting for the students. This may be due to poor teaching quality, inadequate facilities and supplies and poor infrastructure. Poverty, social exclusion, school distance and poor health care, are factors that weigh heavily on children and dampen their interest to pursue schooling. The challenge, therefore, is how to make the school interesting and encouraging rather than intimidating; how to make it inclusive, non-discriminatory and poor-sensitive rather than exclusive and elite-oriented; and how to make it accommodating rather than restricting. Finally, the education content, process and experience should be made more meaningful to the children’s life experiences by ensuring appropriate, culture-sensitive and values-based interventions. The Education department said hunger and malnutrition are also barriers to participation in education. DepEd started implementing the Food for School Program under the Accelerated Hunger Mitigation Plan. It was done with the Health, Social Welfare departments, the National Food Authority and local government units. As a motivation to go to school, it sends the wrong message to poor children: go to school to get one kilo of rice instead of the value of learning; it is also an added burden for children as poor parents encourage their children to attend classes to be able to avail of the daily ration†. Street Children There is an estimated 1. 5 million street children in the Philippines. They survive each day by begging, selling or by taking drugs. Would you care to give them a fut ure? The country has a high number of street children. Street children are susceptible to malnutrition, vehicular accidents, injuries illnesses, drug or substance abuse, sexual exploitation, gambling and harassment by police or other extortionists. They also tend to join gangs as a form of protection. A lot of children are also involved in drug trading in their communities by serving as runners, lookouts, barkers or by doing repacking and cleaning up of paraphernalia. Drug pushers prefer to hire children, because they are obedient and not easily detected. Cebu City is a booming centre of trade and tourism in the Visayan region of the Philippines. In Cebu City alone, it was estimated that about 1,300 children were engaged in such activities. Respondents in the said study entitled â€Å"Children’s Involvement in the Production, Sales and Trafficking of Drugs in Cebu City† reported that their environment was conducive for their involvement in drug trading particularly since their barangay officials were also involved in said illegal activities. The need for money was the major reason that drove them to work in drug trading. Most of the children-respondents were drug users themselves and about one-third of them had parents also involved in drug trading. Some children got physically or verbally abused both by the drug leader and law. Street children are generally thin, untidy, undernourished, and hardly equipped to survive the hazards of everyday living and working on the streets. Some of the hazards they face include sickness, physical injuries from motor accidents, street fights, harassment from extortionists and police, sexual exploitation by pedophiles and pimps, exposure to substance abuse and sexually transmitted diseases. The most common substances street children used are inhalants, such as solvents, rugby and cough syrups, followed by marijuana and shabu. Marijuana and shabu in particular are shared with friends whenever one of the groups has enough money to buy them. Some street children take drugs as often as once a day. Malnourishment More than half million Pinoy kids suffer from severe malnutrition. The next generation of Filipinos will probably be shorter and lighter if the incidence of malnutrition in the country remains unchecked. According to the latest study by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute, three in every 10 Filipino children aged 5 and below are stunted or too short for their age while two in every 10 children also in the same age range are underweight. Four million Filipino children are malnourished and the number is expected to grow. FNRI revealed that the prevalence of malnutrition is highest in the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao, the Zamboanga Peninsula, Southern Tagalog, Southern Mindanao, and Eastern Visayas regions, where up to one-third of children under the age of 10 are either underweight or short for their age. But malnutrition is not just prevalent in rural regions, FNRI said. In Metro Manila, 4 out of every 100 children are underweight and two out of every 100 preschoolers are overweight. Increasing food prices would only worsen the malnutrition in the country. UNICEF demonstrates that the underlying causes of malnutrition are multifaceted, including economic, social, and political factors. Poverty is recognized as both a cause and consequence of malnutrition. Child Trafficking Human trafficking is a serious problem in the Philippines. Aside from being a source country for human trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation, it is also a transit and destination country. Between 60 000 and 100 000 children are trafficked annually, most of them girls. Children are recruited by agents from poor families in rural areas, who send their daughters to the city to earn money. The Philippines has a serious trafficking problem of children illegally recruited into the tourist industry for sexual exploitation. Destinations within the country are Metro Manila, Angeles City, Olongapo City, towns in Bulacan, Batangas, Cebu City, Davao and Cagayan de Oro City and other sex tourist resorts such as Puerto Galera, which is notorious, Pagsanjan, Laguna, San Fernando Pampanga, and many beach resorts throughout the country. The promise of recruiters offers the parents and children attractive jobs in the country or abroad, and instead they are persuade and forced and controlled into the sex industry for tourists. Child Abuse Over 200,000 Filipino children have experienced abuse. The DSWD classifies child abuse cases as abandoned, neglected, sexually abused, sexually exploited, physically abused/maltreated, victims of child labor, victims of illegal recruitment, victims of child trafficking, victims of armed conflict, and others (emotionally abused, etc. ). The regions with the most number of child abuse cases served are NCR, Central Visayas, Central Luzon, Cagayan Valley, and Zamboanga Peninsula. The reduction in the number of cases served came mainly from Zamboanga Peninsula. More than half of the child abuse victims are aged 10 to below 18 years old. Revolting is the fact that about one out of four victims is aged below five years old. By category, more than one-half of abused children served by the DSWD have either been abandoned or neglected, comprising the most common cases. Why are they abandoned and/or neglected? Are these innocent children victims of unwanted pregnancies, or of abject poverty? After abandoned/neglected children, sexually abused children are the second most common cases. And despite the Anti-Rape Law of 1997 (Republic Act (RA) No. 353), the most common sexual abuse is rape, followed by incest and acts of lasciviousness. Rape victims are predominantly female. One wonders whether the prohibition under RA 9346 in 2006 of the death penalty originally possible for convicted rape offenders under certain conditions has contributed to this social problem. And quite worrisome is the relatively large number of incest cases, calling attention to the breakdown of the family as a social institution. Does the CWC have a program to address this sensitive social issue? Some victims of child labor are only 5 to below 10 years old. While child labour—de?ned by the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) as the â€Å"employment of children below 15 years of age and the employment of those below 18 years in hazardous or deleterious work†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is declared illegal, the government di?erentiate it from child work, which is considered an â€Å"acceptable vocation for children. † In reality though, the distinction is not clear. Even the exemption provided for when parents give consent for their child’s engaging in labour validates the reality that a family’s economic status decides whether or not a child is forced to work. Victims of paedophilia have been reported in Eastern Visayas, NCR, and MIMAROPA. Most of the sexually-exploited children are either victim of prostitution or of cyber pornography. The child prostitution cases went up slightly. Cyber pornography victims are served in NCR, Central Visayas, Zamboanga Peninsula, and Ilocos Region. And while the absolute number of cyber pornography cases may be small, there could possibly be many more, as is probably the case with child prostitution, who have not sought help from the DSWD. This should serve as a stern warning about the danger of allowing children unguided access to the Internet. Situation of Education in the Philippines In spite of a constitutional mandate, the budget allocation on education is far lower than required in the Philippines. The impact of economic crisis and the pressures of increasing population are forcing parents to send their wards to overcrowded and ill-equipped public schools. And the school itself is not unusual in a country whose population of 92 million is exploding so fast, and whose education budget is so small, that it cannot find space to teach its children. More children are also coming into the public schools as the economy tightens and families cannot afford the haven of private schools, with their smaller classes. Many children, lesser classrooms – This school year opened with a nationwide enrolment of millions of students from elementary through high school, almost exactly a million more than in the previous year. Although the government began a classroom-building program, the schools are still classrooms short, according to Juan Miguel Luz, a former under secretary of education who works with the National Institute of Policy Study, which advocates better education policies. To squeeze in all the students, many classrooms have been divided into two by partitions. Stairwells and corridors have been converted into miniature classrooms. In the capital, Manila, Education Department figures show an average of one toilet for every 143 high school students and one for every 114 elementary school students. At Munoz-Palma High School, some lavatories have been converted into claustrophobic faculty lounges, while the lounges have been put to use as classrooms. â€Å"I have 106 students in my class and 90 seats,† said Rico Encinares, 34, a chemistry teacher. Everybody has seats if some of them are absent. But if they all come, there are not enough seats. They have to share seats. † –Teacher- Missing on quality education – Only about 10% of his students – the truly motivated ones – get a quality education, he said. Individual attention is almost impossible. â€Å"I don’t know the names of all my students, even at the end of the school year,† he said. â€Å"You only remember the ones who are very noisy or very good. But the silent ones who just sit there listening, you can’t recall their names. -Teacher- Children in conflict The political violence continues to affect children in the country. Local authorities have been involved in death-squad operations targeting children. There are also reports of children being used by government linked paramilitaries and armed opposition. Children, sometimes as young as 11 years old, have been recruited by armed rebel movements, such as the New People’s Army, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, and the Abu Sayyaf Group, to serve as combatants, spies, guards, cooks or medics. According to 2005 estimates, up to 13 per cent of the armed group MILF’s 10,000 members were children. According to existing studies, usually males between the ages of 11 and 17 who have low educational attainment, mostly reaching only the elementary level. They are usually middle or in-between children in very large low-income families. Various studies have established that many of these children are either on the streets or of the streets when they were apprehended. While a signi?cant number still live with parents or a relative, they are usually out on the streets to eke out a living or are involved in peer groups or gangs, which are usually associated with vices and illegal activities. Justice The age of criminal responsibility is 9 years. Despite legislative and procedural safeguards put in place in 2006 with the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act, children in detention are imprisoned together with adults in poor detention conditions, increasing the risk of physical or sexual abuse. The UN Committee on the Rights of the Child is alarmed over the increasing reports of cases of child abuse and neglect and the notable deficiencies in domestic legislation as regards penalizing all forms of abuse, neglect and mistreatment, including sexual abuse. This includes alleged cases of sexual abuse of children in the framework of religious institutions. There are also a number of reported cases of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment of children, particularly of children in detention. Many children below the age of 18 are placed with adults in detention. References: * http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/start/countries/philippines * http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/111257/news/specialreports/poverty-hunger-prevent-filipino-kids-from-getting-basic-education * http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20080705-146662/4M-malnourished-Filipino-children *   http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/232299/more-filipino-children-stunted-due-to-malnutrition#ixzz2YSsYkc6e   * http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/topstories/topstories/view/20100204-251263/Over-200000-Filipino-children-are-victims-of-abuse-says-group * http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/StatsSpeak/2011/101011_rav.asp * http://www.crin.org/docs/resources/publications/violence.pdf * http://southasia.oneworld.net/archive/globalheadlines/school-education-faces-worst-ever-crisis-in-philippines

Management of Financial Resources and Performance Essay

This assessment accounts for 100% of your overall module grade. It is an individually written assignment of about 3000-3500 words (10% -/+) excluding appendices, to be submitted to LSS Business School on the deadline shown in the student portal with the appropriate cover note according to the guidelines given in the student handbook. Your work is expected to be analytical and evaluative, consolidate on relevant theory and indicate a good level of application abilities. In order to complete this assignment you are required to select a company of your choice and identify the various stakeholders and their Interests on the company. You need to briefly explain how they can be managed effectively in the organisation using about 1000 words. Then select another company that is listed in FTSE (or equivalent in your own country), and conduct an audit of the businesses current position, you are required to identify the business planning and current strategy used in the organisation with specific reference to performance analysis and utilisation of resources (Including International considerations) for competitive advantage and assess the financial position using a series of management accounting techniques for decision making. Use about 1500 words in order to complete this. Using about 500-1000 words briefly explain the investment appraisal techniques that could be used by an organisation, and apply the techniques to conduct a investment appraisal for the following scenario 123 LTD is a clothing manufacturer operating in UK for more than 10 yrs, As a strategic decision to expand it’s operations, the company plans to set up a manufacturing unit in another country and produce designer clothing to sell in that country. Current interest rate is 10%, The options available are: USA Running expenses is estimated to be  £210K per annum and expected revenue is USD 700K per Annum An additional approval fee of  £22K needs to be paid in advance to trade in the country annually. France Running expenses is estimated to be  £190K per annum and expected revenue is EURO 450K per Annum. An additional approval fee of  £25K needs to be paid in advance to operate in the every yr. In addition a one off Royalty Fee of  £25K needs to be paid despite of the operational years. Switzerland Running expenses is estimated to be  £200K per annum and expected revenue is Swiss Francs 3800K per Annum, An additional License fee of  £30K needs to be paid in advance to operate in the route for a yr. Given the controls in this country, any factory of this nature will need an inspection by the authorities every 3 yrs amounting to  £70K per inspection. Cost of New machinery for this purpose in any country is  £450K, Life time of the Machinery is 10 yrs and at the end of 5 yrs the machinery will attract, a residual value of  £150K. Any material that you will decide to use as a result of your research would need to be submitted at the back of your assignment in the form of an appendix to ensure that the tutor is also briefed to the same level as you, when assessing your work. Take great care and follow the wording below carefully, to ensure that you have covered all the requirements sufficiently, according to the given tasks below.

Natural Resources And Topology Of South Africa Tourism Essay Essays

Natural Resources And Topology Of South Africa Tourism Essay Essays Natural Resources And Topology Of South Africa Tourism Essay Paper Natural Resources And Topology Of South Africa Tourism Essay Paper South Africa is the 25th-largest state in the universe and most of the state is classified as semi arid, it has considerable difference in clime every bit good as topology. South Africa is situated within the temperate zone. Which has an mean rainfall of 511 millimeters per annum, but has broad interfere and interregional differences with rainfall cut downing towards the West. This diverseness of local climes limits the negative effects of terrible drouths and offers some protection against general harvest failures. Location of South Africa is on the really southern tip of Africa ; it is a republic which is surrounded by land at the top and the two oceans, Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. The Republic of South Africa is between 22 and 35 grades south latitude and 17 to 33 grades east latitude. The country of the state consists of 12,19,912 square kilo-meters. The Republic of South Africa covers an country of 122 million hectare and from which 18 million hectare is possible land for cultivation. 8 % the possible cultivable lands are under irrigation, which occupies for about half of the H2O demand in South Africa. With a population of 42 million and an estimated one-year population growing of -0.412 % , urbanisation and industrialisation will increase the force per unit area on the handiness of H2O resources and the allotment. South Africa is divided into nine states viz. Gauteng, Limpopo, Northern Cape, Mpumalanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, North West Province, Eastern Cape and Western Cape. We would wish to advert something facts for the peculiar country. EASTERN CAPE Area- 168 966 square kilometres Predominated languages- is isiXhosa ( 78.8 % ) , Afrikaans ( 10.6 % ) The Eastern Cape gets increasingly wetting agent from West to east. The West is largely semi-arid Karoo, except in the far South, which is temperate rain forest in the Tsitsikamma part. The seashore is by and large unsmooth with interspersed beaches. Most of the state is hilly to really cragged between Graaff-Reinet and Rhodes including the Sneeuberge, Stormberge, Winterberge and Drakensberg. The northern tropical woods mix with the more temperate forests of the South, making an interesting wood works of assorted species endemic to this part. 2. Free State Area- 129 825 square kilometres Predominated languages- is Sesotho ( 64.2 % ) , Afrikaans ( 12.7 % ) The Free State is situated on level boundless evident in the bosom of South Africa. The rich dirt and pleasant clime allow a booming agricultural industry. With more than 30,000 farms and the production of more than 70 % of the state s grain, it is known locally as South Africa s breadbasket. The state is high-lying, with about all land being 1,000 metres above sea degree. Around 2.8-million people live in Free State. The Free State can be highly cold during the winter months, particularly towards the eastern cragged parts. 3. GAUTENG Area- 16 548 square kilometres Predominated languages- is isiZulu ( 19.8 % ) , English ( 13.3 % ) , Afrikaans ( 12.4 % ) , Sesotho ( 11.6 % ) Gauteng s southern boundary line is the Vaal River and which separates it from the Free State. Gauteng is the lone landlocked state of South Africa with no foreign boundary line. Most of Gauteng is on the Highveld, high-level grassland ( circa 1,500A m/4,921A foots above sea-level ) . Between Pretoria and Johannesburg there are low parallel ridges and rippling hills. The North of the state is more semitropical, due to its lower height and is largely dry savanna home ground. Gauteng has cold winters and hot summers with hoar and the Hail is common during summer electrical storms. Most of research and development of South Africa s takes topographic point in Gauteng. Gauteng is home to many of the state s nucleus biotechnology companies. The state is extremely industrialised and urbanised. 4. Natal Area- 94 361 square kilometres Predominated languages- is isiZulu ( 77.8 % ) , English ( 13.2 % ) The state has three different geographic countries. The lowland part along the Indian Ocean seashore is highly narrow in the South, widening in the northern portion of the Kwazulu Natal. The cardinal part is the Natal Midlands, an undulating hilly plateau lifting toward the West. Third are the two cragged countries, the the Lebombo Mountains in the North and Drakensberg Mountains in the West. 5. LIMPOPO Area- 125 755 square kilometres Predominated languages- is Sesotho ( 52.9 % ) , Xitsonga ( 17 % ) , Tshivenda ( 16.7 % ) state s Johannesburg-Pretoria axis, the most industrialised tube pole on the continent. The state is at the Centre of regional, national, and international developing markets. The Limpopo contains much of the Waterberg Biosphere, a UNESCO-designated Biosphere Reserve. The Waterberg Biosphere, a massif of about 15,000A km2 ( 5,800A sqA myocardial infarction ) , is the first part in the northern portion of South Africa. Rich in natural beauty, civilization and wildlife, Limpopo has a booming touristry industry. In add-on to the Kruger National Park, there are several luxury private game militias with the 54 provincial militias. Valuable archeological artefacts have been discovered in the country. 6. MPUMALANGA Area- 76 495 square kilometres Predominated languages- is siSwati ( 27.7 % ) , isiZulu ( 24.1 % ) , Xitsonga ( 10.4 % ) , isiNdebele ( 10.1 % ) Mpumalanga falls chiefly within the grassland country. The Lowveld and the escarpment signifier a transitional zone between this grassland country and the savanna biome. The Province is a summer-rainfall country, with occasional winter snow on high land in the escarpment. The escarpment country sometimes experiences high land of snow. Thick mist is common during the humid and hot summers. Lake Chrissie is the largest natural fresh water lake in South Africa and is celebrated for its assortment of aquatic birds, peculiarly flamingos. 7. NORTH WEST Area- 106 512 square kilometres Predominated languages- is Setswana ( 63.4 % ) , Afrikaans ( 9 % ) Apart from a narrow strip of winter rainfall country along the seashore, the state is a semi waterless part because of small rainfall in summer. The conditions conditions are highly frigid and cold in winter, with highly high temperatures in summer. The country is known worldwide its dramatic one-year detonation of spring flowers which, for a short period every twelvemonth, attracts 1000s of tourers. The Northern Cape has a wealth of national Parkss and preservation countries. Here is the Orange River more impressive than at the Augrabies Falls, which ranks among the universe s largest cataracts on a major river. 8. NORTHERN CAPE Area- 372 889 square kilometres Predominated languages- is Afrikaans ( 53.8 % ) , Setswana ( 33.1 % ) The Northern Cape is South Africa s largest state, and distances between towns are tremendous due to its thin population. The south and south-east of the state is high-lying ( 1200m-1900m ) in the Roggeveld and Nuweveld territories. The West seashore is dominated by the Namaqualand part. it is celebrated for its spring flowers. This country is hilly to cragged. And it consists of Granites and other metamorphous stones. A summer-rainfall part, extremely cold in winter, temperatures range from up to 31AÂ °C in summer to every bit small as 3AÂ °C in winter. Sun City is one of the universe s biggest amusement Centres it is most celebrated attractive force of Northern Cape. With a casino, an 18-hole golf class, theaters and concert halls, beaches and a moving ridge pool at the Valley of the Waves. 9. Western CAPE Area- 129 462 square kilometres Predominated languages- is Afrikaans ( 49.7 % ) , isiXhosa ( 24.7 % ) , English ( 20.3 % ) Western Cape is the fourth-largest state of South Africa. The southern coastal country is fertile, and fishing is the most of import industry along the West seashore. Sheep agriculture is the Main support of the Karoo, and other signifiers of farming take topographic point in the better watered parts of the Western Cape. Saldanha, North of Cape Town, is South Africa s merely natural seaport, and noteworthy seaport for Fe exports and the fishing industry. Other towns include Stellenbosch and Worcester in the bosom of the winelands, George, a Centre for autochthonal lumber and vegetable production, Oudtshoorn, known for its ostrich merchandises and the world-famous Cango caves, and Beaufort West on the dry, sheep-farming fields of the Great Karoo. NATURAL RESOURCES OF SOUTH AFRICA As we know natural resources of any state is biggest wealth of that state. Because natural resources help to industrialization or economic development of that state so we found assorted natural resources of South Africa which executing as a wealth of South Africa. South Africa s most of natural resources are being obtained from mining industry. Equally good as there is a good developed fishing industry due to the long sea country. We mentioned dominant resources like GOLD PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA Up until a few old ages back South Africa was the universe s largest gold manufacturer. China surpassed South Africa as the universe s largest manufacturer of Gold in 2007. South Africa is estimated, by US Geological Survey, to hold 6000 metric dozenss of gold militias. 95 % of South Africa s gold mines are belowground operations, making deepnesss of over 3.8 kilometers. Coupled with worsening classs, increased deepness of excavation and a slide in the gilded monetary value, costs have begun to lift, which ensuing in the steady autumn in production. The hereafter of the gold industry in South Africa hence depends on increased productiveness of its gold. The chief gold bring forthing country is concentrated on the Archaean Witwatersrand Basin. The Witwatersrand basin, which has been mined for more than 100 old ages and it has produced more than 41000 metric dozenss of gold, remains the greatest undermined beginning of gold in the universe. CHROMIUM PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA South Africa is the universe s largest manufacturer of ferrochrome. South Africa holds approximately 70 % of the universe s entire chrome militias, largely located in the BIC ( Bushveld Igneous Complex ) ores, and produces 75 % of the universe s ferrochrome. Kazakhstan and India are other major manufacturers. South Africa produced an estimated 96,00,000 dozenss of Cr ore in 2011. Samancor Chrome is the 2nd largest ferrochrome manufacturer in the universe, with entire chromite resources transcending 650 million dozenss. COAL PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA South Africa is the 6th largest holder of coal in the universe with 31 billion tones of recoverable coal militias, i.e. 11 % of the universe s entire coal militias. Although most of the coal is consumed by the South African energy sector, with 77 % of the state s primary energy demands provided by coal. In South Africa there are three major coal manufacturers: BHP Billiton Energy Coal South Africa ; Anglo American Coal and Xstrata. Universal Coal s thermic coal undertakings are located in South Africa s Mpumalanga state a part traditionally rich in coal. 83 % of the entire sum of coal produced in South Africa is in Mpumalanga. MANGANESE PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA South Africa presently accounts for approximately 75 % of the universe s identified Mn. These largely occur near Hotazel in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Harmonizing to the USGS, militias were estimated at 15 billion dozenss in 2011. South Africa was the universe s largest manufacturer of Mn in 2011, with the production of 3.4 million dozenss. NICKEL AND COBALT MINING PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA Most of South Africa s Ni and Co are produced as by merchandise of Pt excavation activities on the Bushveld Igneous Complex. Harmonizing to the USGS, South Africa produced 34,000 metric dozenss of Ni in 2009. PHOSPHATES PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA Foskor is one of the universe s largest manufacturers of phosphate and phosphorous acid. The Foskor Group comprises two chief excavation and production installations located in the Northern Province ( Limpopo ) of South Africa. PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA The PGE include Pt, Pd, gold, Rh, Ir, Os, Re and Ru. Platinum, Pd and Rh are produced in significant measures. South Africa is the largest manufacturer of Pt in the universe and holds a big per centum of planetary militias. Harmonizing to the US Geological Survey, South Africa s entire production of Pt is 140000 kgs and Palladium is 79000 kgs in 2009. Copper PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA Palabora, taking Cu manufacturer of South Africa s is located 360km north E of Pretoria, near to the Kruger National Park. Copper is besides produced at the Exxaro owned Black Mountain polymetallic mine near Aggeneys in the Northern Cape. Oil AND GAS PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA Harmonizing to the BP Statistical Energy Survey 2012, South Africa consumed an norm of 547.25 1000 barrels a twenty-four hours of oil in 2011, 0.64 % of the universe sum. South Africa is the taking economic power in Africa every bit good as a cardinal participant in the African oil industry. Today the state processes about 20 million dozenss per annum of petroleum and consumes 23 million dozenss of liquid fuel merchandises i.e. 45 % is gasoline and 26 % Diesel. The major liquid fuel markets are in the Gauteng country of South Africa IRON ORE PRODUCTION SOUTH AFRICA Harmonizing to the USGS, South Africa produced 53 million metric dozenss of Fe ore in 2009, doing it the universe s 7th largest manufacturer. It besides estimated, in 2009, that South Africa has 1000 million dozenss of petroleum ore militias and 650 million metric dozenss of Fe content militias. Most of South Africa s Fe ore militias are located in the Northern Cape of South Africa, adjacent to the monolithic Kalahari manganese field. India s Import of Iron Ore or Coal from South Africa Approximately 40 million metric metric tons of Fe ore are mined per annum in South Africa, of which about 12 million metric metric tons are consumed locally and 27 million metric metric tons are exported. Based on the import figures of the current fiscal twelvemonth, Indian authorities functionaries figure that India s coal imports from South Africa could good stop up at approximately 20 million dozenss of the entire 100 million dozenss coal imports expected by the terminal of current fiscal twelvemonth. As per authorities appraisal about 50 million dozenss of Fe ore for India s steel demands would hold been imported to run into the one-year jutting demand of 160 million dozenss. About half of this imported ore will be from South Africa. DIAMOND PRODUCTION OF SOUTH AFRICA South Africa has the most diverse scope of diamond sedimentations in the universe. South Africa produced 6,139,682.00 carats in 2009. South Africa produces in the part of 5 % of planetary production and is ranked seventh largest unsmooth diamond manufacturer in the universe. Company De Beers, which contributes in the part of 45 % of the universe s diamond market, shut down about 60 % of its operations in 2009. Petra Company has bought many mines antecedently owned by De Beers. Most production is sourced from kimberlite mines, followed by alluvials and so marine. Kimberlite mines are located chiefly in the cardinal northern parts of South Africa. Import of Diamond from South Africa India is taking its attempts at increasing India s relationships with major diamond-producing African states, and has created a comprehensive program to guarantee direct unsmooth diamonds imports from South Africa alternatively of Europe. India happens to be the universe s largest importer of unsmooth diamonds, every bit good as exporter of cut and polished diamonds. India is concentrating dialogues in South Africa that will assist guarantee India s strong standing in the diamond market. Namibia accounts for about 6 per cent of unsmooth diamond production, while Angola histories for 10 per centum. South Africa and Botswana history for 12 per centum and 25 per centum the universe s unsmooth diamond production, severally. TOPOLOGY RESOURCES OF SOUTH AFRICA In South Africa there is assorted agribusiness merchandises produces or grain cultivates harmonizing to climate state of affairs like temperature, dirt quality, H2O handiness, and accomplishments available in that peculiar country. As a consequence those countries are known for peculiar merchandises. We would wish to mentioned step production of merchandise harmonizing to country wise. CASHEW FOOD Cashew trees grow good at Pongola, Hluhluwe, Mtubatuba and Makhathini where the clime can be described as warm-subtropical. The Natal coastal part of north Empangeni, and the Pongola vale are suited countries of South Africa for Anacardium occidentale production. India provides a big Anacardium occidentale processing industry, and is dependent on over five-lakh ( 50,000 ) dozenss of natural Anacardium occidentales from South Africa. More than 60 states all over the universe receive Anacardium occidentale imports from India processing centres. Unfortunately, the Anacardium occidentales grown in India have caused concern in the market for hapless quality over recent old ages. Rice Presently, South Africa does non commercially produce any rice, chiefly due to the high H2O demands of the harvest in a by and large dry state. South Africa is dependent on rice imports to fulfill the local demand. India has exported rice to South Africa 27496 MT in 2011and 1, 02,205 MT in 2012* . Wheat The winter cereals comprises of the wheat, barley and oats. South Africa is said to be one of the major exporters of wheat to other states owing to the big production in the state. The chief countries of South Africa which are engaged in agribusiness include the Vaal and Crocodile. The Hart Rivers country excessively is actively engaged in farming. Equally much as 40,000-50,000 hectares of land is being planted with wheat in the countries of North West Province of South Africa. India does non bring forth adequate wheat to be self-sufficing. India can import wheat from South Africa. Corn Maize is produced throughout the state under diverse environments. Approximately 80 million dozenss of corn grains are produced in South Africa yearly on about 3.1 million Hector of land. Half of the entire production consists of white corn, for human nutrient ingestion. Maize is a warm conditions harvest and is non grown in countries where the average day-to-day temperature is less than 19 Â °C or where the mean of the summer months is less than 23 Â °C. SUGARCAN Most of the universe s sugar cane is grown between 22AÂ °N and 22AÂ °S, and some up to 33AÂ °N and 33AÂ °S.There are in the part of 42,300 registered sugar cane agriculturists in South Africa. Most agrarian takes topographic point in KwaZulu Natal state of South Africa. The South African sugar industry produces an estimated norm of 2.5 million dozenss of sugar per season. South Africa produced a sum of 2 273 499 dozenss in 2010/11 of which 1 399 657 dozenss was for the national market and 873 842 dozenss for the international market. Coffee The tree requires a warm clime and ample wet. At present no more than 200 hour angle of java are under production in South Africa, largely in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga states. South Africa is a net importer of java and consumes more than 20 000 ton per annum. India has exported java to south Africa of Us dollar 30522 in 2011. Wool Wool is produced throughout the state. The largest proportion of the South African wool cartridge holder is from rough, low-rainfall countries than in the higher rainfall countries of the coastal belt and the Highveld. Approximately 91 % of the cartridge holder is produced in four states of South Africa, viz. the Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Free State and Northern Cape. South Africa export 10 % of its entire wool export to the India. MARINE FISHERIES South Africa has a coastline of some 2 798 kilometer, widening from the Orange River in the West, on the boundary line with Namibia, to Ponta make Ouro in the E, next to Mozambique. The western coastal shelf of South Africa is extremely productive, in common with other upwelling ecosystems around the universe, while the east seashore is less productive but has high species diverseness, including both local and Indo-Pacific species. So finally geographical features vary from states to states and harmonizing to that there is an agribusiness merchandises are green goodss and being exported. There are chief industry is mining in South Africa through which company obtains assorted natural resources as consequence of that natural resources South Africa s industrial and economic development has been enhanced. Foreword Education is merely the psyche of a society as it passes from one coevals to another . The survey of GCR ( Global Country Report ) was therefore assigned so that we enable ourselves with Geography, Natural Resources and Topology of South Africa. As instruction is non merely in books but in acquisition and acquisition does non stop with cognition of one s ain state but how can one state live in harmoniousness and function the involvement of other states besides. Therefore a planetary state study was prepared as a learning assignment and information was collected from assorted web sites and survey stuffs that helped us do a study to function the intent of the subject that was Geography, Natural Resources and Topology of South Africa. We gathered informations based on our research on South Africa s geographics, Natural Resources and Topology. This has helped to understand the kernel of a state as a whole. We observed the construction of South Africa like geographics, route denseness etc. We besides observed clime and continuance in South Africa. This survey helped us to understand features of land, characteristics of dwellers and phenomena of South Africa and besides temperature, humidness, atmospheric force per unit area, air current and rainfall features of South Africa. By: Mr. Ravi Kaswala Mr. Nitish Dawra Mr. Dhaval Moradiya Mr. Nilkesh Chikhaliya Mr. Mahesh Gogadani Mr. Nikhil Dhameliya Recognition We take the chance to show our gratitude to all the people who were associated with the devising of the study. This undertaking work has been the most practical and exciting portion of our larning experience, which would be an plus for my hereafter bearer. Many people have helped to make this undertaking and each of their part has been valuable. Proper organisation of construct and analysis of the undertaking is due to lament involvement and assisting manus of our professors and co-workers. We would wish to thank our undertaking guide Lecturer. Ankur Mehta, SRLIM College, SURAT who helped us to acquire the right information about the undertaking to be undertaken. In the other facet, we would wish to retrieve all the people who were ever at that place for us whenever we wanted their counsel despite of their busy agenda. We are extremely obliged to them for giving us good cooperation and bettering us knowledge during our preparation. Once once more thanks to all. By: Mr. Ravi Kaswala Mr. Nitish Dawra Mr. Dhaval Moradiya Mr. Nilkesh Chikhaliya Mr. Mahesh Gogadani Mr. Nikhil Dhameliya Table of Content Sr. no. Particulars Page No. 1 About South Africa 1 History of South Africa 1 Present trade relation India/Gujarat with South Africa 2 India and South Africa bilateral trade 4 Polices and Norms of India for import or export to the South Africa 5 2 Geography of South Africa 8 Eastern Cape 12 Free State 13 Gauteng 14 Kwazulu-Natal 15 Crocodile river 16 Mpumalanga 18 North West 19 Northern Cape 21 Western Cape 22 3 South Africa: Natural Resources 24 Gold overview of South Africa 24 Chromium Mining Overview Of South Africa 25 Antimony overview of South Africa 27 Coal mining overview of South Africa 27 Iron Ore excavation overview of South Africa 28 Manganese mining overview of South Africa 31 Nickel and Co excavation overview of South Africa 32 Chemical and fertiliser excavation in South Africa 33 Tin excavation of South Africa 33 Overview of rare Earth minerals 34 Uranium A ; Th excavation of South Africa 34 Diamond excavation overview of South Africa 35 Platinum group component of South Africa 37 Copper excavation overview of South Africa 38 Vanadium excavation of South Africa 38 Oil A ; gas overview of South Africa 38 4 Topology of South Africa 40 Cashew nutrient 40 Rice 41 Cultivation of Wheat 42 Maize 43 Sugarcane 44 Coffee 45 Wool 47 Nuts and Fruits 48 Marine Fisheries 48 5

A History Of Flexible Manufacturing Systems

A History Of Flexible Manufacturing Systems Now once you have a Flexible Manufacturing System in place, it cannot function in isolation. The department has to make its other processes and work conditions conducive enough to take full advantage of FMS. There are a lot of other design variables involved in the decision making process. It is very important for every manager in charge of FMS to address the question â€Å"What are the activities an FMS adopter has to carry out in order not only to implement an FMS but also to realize the requisite organizational conditions; and what are the possibilities for the adopter to organize this manufacturing innovation process effectively?† Stating a few examples of the extraneous factors: Maintenance Department Process planning, Production planning, and quality control processes The people carrying out these processes and production resources used to make these processes feasible The organizational arrangements used to divide and coordinate the processes Introduction A Flexible Ma nufacturing System (FMS) is a manufacturing system in which there is a certain degree of flexibility that allows the system to react in the case of changes, whether predicted or unpredicted. According to Maleki   [ 1 ]   , flexibility is the speed at which a system can react to and accommodate change. To be considered flexible, the flexibility must exist during the entire life cycle of a product, from design to manufacturing to distribution. Flexible Manufacturing System is a computer-controlled system that can produce a variety of parts or products in any order, without the time-consuming task of changing machine setups. The flexibility being talked about is generally considered to fall into two categories, which both contain numerous subcategories   [ 2 ]   . The first category, Machine Flexibility, covers the system’s ability to be changed to produce new product types, and ability to change the order of operations executed on a part. The second category is called R outing Flexibility, which consists of the ability to use multiple machines to perform the same operation on a part, as well as the system’s ability to absorb large-scale changes, such as in volume, capacity, or capability. The main advantage of an FMS is its high flexibility in managing manufacturing resources like time and effort in order to manufacture a new product. The best application of an FMS is found in the production of small sets of products like those from a mass production. FM systems are supposed to provide the manufacturer with efficient flexible machines that increase productivity and produce quality parts. However, FM systems are not the answer to all manufacturers’ problems. The level of flexibility is limited to the technological abilities of the FM systems. FM systems are being used all over the manufacturing world and though out industries. A basic knowledge of this kind of technology is very important because FM systems are involved in almost every thing that you come in contact with in today’s world. From the coffee maker to your remote control FM systems are used all over. History of Flexible Manufacturing Systems At the turn of the twentieth century, FMS did not exist. There was no pressing need for efficiency because the markets were national and there was no foreign competition. Manufacturers could tell the consumers what to buy. During that period, Henry Ford had been quoted as saying â€Å"People can order any colour of car as long as it is black.† All the power remained in the hands of the manufacturer and the consumers hardly had any choices.

The benefits and effects of steroids for asthma pateints Assignment

The benefits and effects of steroids for asthma pateints - Assignment Example Low dose of corticosteroids can prevent occurrence of any risks and help to receive more benefits from this treatment. However, this positive effect of inhaled corticosteroids observed in combination with low doses of bronchodilators. Asthma is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Asthma is one of the pathological diseases that related to changing in the airway resistance. High number of people affected with asthma all over the world and this amount keep growing. Asthma appeared in western countries as a serious public health problem over the last 20 years. Asthma symptoms are different from one person to another and most common on early morning and at night. They emerged as cough, wheezing, breathing difficulties and chest tightness.asthma.There are several risk factors for asthma. There are predisposing, contributory, causal and aggravating factors. Gender and atopy are associated with predisposing factors. House dust, insects, pets and fungus and some occupational factors can induce asthma symptoms. Medicines, food additives and birthing cold air can trigger to asthma disease. These factors related to the aggravating risk factors. There are 5 genes in the human genome linked with asthma phenotypes,s o asthma is a genetic disorder. Further investigations in genetic predisposition can help to find new effective treatment. ( H. Los, 1999). Asthma is widespread all over the world. In low and high developed countries. The most important role in asthma appearance is air pollution. Asthma cases are increasing worldwide, especially in the UK and The USA. According to World Health Organization statistic 235 million people live with asthma all over the world. The figure 1 below show the prevalence of asthma in different countries (Masoli, M, 2004). Nocturnal asthma: Forced vital capacity, volume of air that person can forcefully exhale at 1 second (FEV1) at night is decreased. Among 75% of asthmatics usually has